Rock-drill.



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BUCK DRILL.

M. C. JACKSON.

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APPLICATION FILED FEB.15,1904. RENEWED JAN. 30.1905.

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PATENTED AUG. 29, 1905.

M. C. JACKSON. ROOK DRILL. APPLIGATION FILED PEB.15.1904. RENBWED JAN. 30.1905.

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ROCK DRILL.

APPLICATION ML'BD HB. 15, 1904. RBNBWBD JAN. 30,1905.

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UNITED STATES Pnrnnfr anion.

MANETHO C. JACKSON, OF DENVER, COLORADO, ASSIGNOR TO THE y JACKSON ELECTRIC DRILL AND `SUPPLY COMPANY, OF DENVER,

COLORADO.

ROCK-DRILL.

Speccaton of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug'. 29, 1905.

1 Application liled February l5, 1904:. Renewed January 30, 1905. Serial No. 243,349.

To all whom, it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, MANnTHo C. JACKSON, a citizen of the United States of America, residing in the city and county of Denver and State of Colorado, have invented certain new andv useful Improvements in Rock Drills; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in rock-drills.

Experience has proven that what is known as the "hammer-drill Ais most effective in cutting rock were it not for the diiiculty in keeping the hole'clean of therock-cuttings. Various devices have been resorted to to accom plish this purpose; but none of them have proven entirely satisfactory, being troublesome and complicated in operation and con-` struction.

My object in producing my present construction is to combine in one mechanism the advantages of both the hammer and the piston drill construction, whereby all the advantages of the hammer-drill are obtained Without experiencing' any of the dificulties inv keeping the hole clean. It will be understood that in what is known as a hammer-drill the driving reciprocating part is not directly connected with the-drill proper or cuttingtool, while in what is known as the pistondrill the driving or reciprocating part is directly connected with the cutting-tool, which reciprocates therewith. In my approved construction the hammer is entirely distinctand separate from the drilling-tool or drill-bit proper, while at the same time provision is made for reciprocating the drilling-tool simultaneously with the operation of the reciprocating hammer. This is the broad distinguishing feature of my present construction, which will now be described in detail, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which is illustrated an embodiment thereof.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, illustrating my improved drill.

Eig. 2 is a top or plan view of the Fig. 3 is a central vertical section taken through the drill mechanism. Fig. 4 is a top or plan view of the mechanism with the upper portion of the casing removed. Fig. 5 is an enlarged section taken through the gear on one extremity of the operating crankshaft. Figs. 6 and 7 are sections taken on the lines 6 6 and 7 7, respectively, looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 8 isa section taken on the line 8 8, Fig. 3. Fig. 9 is a fragmentary view of the rear part of the drill bit or tool, showing the circumferentiallygrooved portion which is engaged by the device for locking the drill-bit securely in the chuck. Eig. lO is asection taken through the forward end of the mechanism, showing a modiiied form of construction. Fig. ll is a detail view of the form ofrchuck shown in Fig. 1 0. Fig. 1Q is an elevation of the outer chuck member through which the chuck proper or the device shown in Fig. ll passes.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all the views.

Let A designate the guide-shell or relatively stationary support upon which the casing B is slidably mounted. This casing is provided with a top cover or housing B, having hori- Zontal ianges B2, which engage corresponding flanges formed on the body of the casing. The flanges of the two casing parts are provided with registering apertures through which are passed fastening-bolts B5. It will thus be seen that the housing part B/ is readily detachable whenever it is desired or necessary to gain access to the mechanism inclosed thereby. The casing Bis provided on its lower rear portion with a nut B3, in which is threaded the feed-screw C, journaled on the guide-shell, as shown at C. This feed-screw is provided with the usual hand-crank C2. Centrally secured within the casing B is an open-ended cylinder D, in which is located a reciprocating piston D, in which is mounted the hammer E. The' piston D is hollow, and within it is mounted a block D2, having a limited reciprocating' movement within the hollow portion D3 of the piston. Interposed between the forward extremity of the block D2 and the forward portion of the piston D' is a coil-spring D. 'Ihe block D2 is provided with yielding washers D5 and D, engaging its opposite ends. The head D2 is locked in operative relation with the piston from the rear by means of a key D?.

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` by the said device is p ermitted a limited movetor.

Pivotally connected with the block D3 by a pin E is the forward extremity of a pitman E3, whose rear extremity engages the crank F' of the crank-shaft F, the latter being journaled in the casing and provided with a flywheel F2 at one extremity and a gear-wheel F3 at the other extremity. This gear-wheel F3 rotates with the crank-shaft F by virtue of frictional engagement with a fiber washer F3, interposed between the hub of the gear-wheel and a hub F40, secured to the shaft by a pin Fu. The exterior surface of the hub of the gear-wheel is engaged by a washer F3. Between this washer F and a nut F3, threaded on the extremity of the crank-shaft, is located a coil-spring F'. By screwing the nut F8 tightly against the spring F7 the gear F3 will be clamped tightly against the ber washer F3, whereby the crank-shaft will be rotated by virtue of the meshing engagement of the gear F3 and the gear G on the motor-shaft. lf,

however, for any reason the movement of the hammer is suddenly arrested or obstructed, the gear F 3 will rotate on the crank-shaft without moving the latter, thus preventing breakage of some of the parts of the mechanism. This will continue until the person in charge of the drill can turn off the current and stop the mo- It-will be understood that this construction is for safety purposes. After the nut F3 is screwed to position on the threaded end of the crank-shaft it may be locked against rotation by a pin F3, passed through an opening in the nut and an elongated opening formed in the end l of the crank-shaft. The gear F3 meshes with the gear G, made fast to the armature-shaft G2 of a motor G3, inclosed within a housing G4, formed integral with the rear extremity of the body of the casing B. The upper part G5 of this housing is hinged to the casing, as shown at G3, its opposite extremity being fastened to the body of the housing by a bolt G43. It is evident that this cap or hinged housing part may be opened when for any reason it may be necessary to gain access to the motor mechanism. Also contained within a housing part G', formed integral with the casing, are located a rheostat G8 and a controller G. lt will thus be seen that the motor and its attachments are all mounted in the drill-casing or a housing formed integral with the body of the casing. On each side of the crank F' of the crank-shaft F is formed an eccentric H, surrounded by a strap H', formed integral with the yoke-arm H3. The forward extremities of the two yoke-arms H2 are connected by a ring H3, which surrounds the rear extremity of the hollow chuck I, which is free to rotate in the yoke. In the forward extremity of this chuck is located a lockingl device J open to receive the drill bit or tool K. This locking device is provided with a projection J', which passes through a slot J 2, formed inthe chuck, wherement in the chuck and independently of the latter. The portion of the drill-bit within the locking device is circumferentially recessed, as shown at K', and is engaged by the hub K2 of a fastening device, the latter being provided with an integral bolt K3, which passes outwardly through yan opening formed in the part J, its protruding portion being threaded and adapted to receive a nut K4. Between the nut and the part J is located a washer K3'. Theopening in the fastening device K3 is large enough to receive the body part of the drillbit K; but by adjusting the fastening-piece K2 by means of the nut K4 the drill-bit may be securely locked in the part J. The bottom of the fastening device K2 where it engages the drill-bit is provided with a V-shaped recess K8 to facilitate the fastening of the parts. Engaging the bottom of the fastening device K2 is a coil-spring K, which has a tendency to normally support the fastening device K2 in engagement with the drill-bit. When the fastening device is adjusted by means of the nut K4, a screw K10 may be inserted in the device J for locking the device K2 in the adjusted position. The part J is in turn securely retained in the forward end of the chuck, which is threaded to receive a nut K3. Between this nut and the part J is located a packing ring or washer K'. Located in and extending through the hollow chuck I and interposed between the rear extremity of the drill-bit K and the hammer E' is an auxiliary hammer part E4, having an enlarged forward extremity E3. Between this forward extremity of the auxiliary hammer part and an interior shoulder formed on the hollow chuck is located a coil-spring E3, which is normally under suficient tension to hold the forward extremity of the auxiliary hammer part normally in engagement with the rear extremity of the drill-bit. This auxiliary hammer part is allowed to move freely in the hollow chuck, as will be readily understood.

The rotary movement is imparted to the drill-bit and chuck through the instrumentality of two ratchet-wheels L and L', which are interposed between the forward extremity of the casing and a support B4, formed integral with the casing and having an opening to receive the chuck. The teeth of these two ratchetwheels are oppositely disposed and engaged by spring-.actuated dogs M, located in recesses formed in the casing. The ratchet L is provided with lugs L3, which engage spiral grooves L3, formed in the chuck, while the ratchet-wheel L' is provided with lugs L4, which engage straight grooves L3, formed in the chuck. During the forward movement of the chuck and drill-bit the latter moves in a direct line without anjT rotary motion, since the lugs of the ratchet-wheel L', engaging the straight grooves in the chuck, prevent the chuck from turning in one direction, while the spiral grooves L3 of the chuck, acting on the ratchet-wheel L, cause the same to turn ICO IIO

in the casing, while during the backward movement of the chuck the latter is given a partial rotation through the instrumentality of the spiral grooves acting on the ratchetwheel L, and in this case the ratchet-wheel L turns with the chuck, as will be readily understood.

From the foregoing description the use and operation of my improved drill will be readily understood. As soon as the motor is started rotary movement is imparted to the crankshaft F through the instrumentality of the meshing gears G and F3. During the rotation of this crank-shaft it will be understood from the description heretofore given that the hammer will be reciprocated by the pitman E2 and the chuck and drill-bit simultaneously actuated through the instrumentality `of the yoke having the arms H2. eccentrics are so arranged that the hammer and chuck simultaneously reach their forward limit of movement; but as the stroke ofthe hammer is considerably greater than the stroke of the chuck by reason of the difference in the throw of the crank and eccentrics when the hammer and chuck are at their rearward limit of movement there will be considerable space between the hammer and the rear extremity'of the auxiliary hammer part, allowing the hammer when it acts on the auxiliary hammer part, and consequently upon the drill-bit, to gain momentum and act on the said parts by a sudden blow or impact, as is required or necessary. in order to get the best results in work of this'character. By virtue of this operation the drill-bit is reciprocated simultaneously with the reciprocation of the hammer or driving-piston and the drill-hole kept clean or free from accumulated rock-` cuttings in the same manner as in the use of a piston-drill.

Referring now to the construction shown in Figs. l0, 11, and l2, let N designate a hollow chuck member inserted in the forward end of lthe drill-casing and connected with the yoke-arms H2 in the same manner as the chuck l shown in the other views of the drawings. Inserted in this chuck member N and passingV therethrough is thechuck proper, 0,. whose rear extremity O is smallest in diameter, its central part being' enlarged, as shown at O2, the part immediately forward of the part O2 being somewhat reduced in size, as shown at O3, while the forward extremity O is made larger than the part O3. The forward part of the chuck O is centrally bored a suitable distance to receive the drill-bit K. The Vforward end O4 of the chuck is also transversely bored to receive a locking device P, which is apertured to receive the drill-bit.

duced in size, as shown at K, where it is engaged by the locking device P, and when the nut P is screwed tightly against the washer P2 the drill bit is locked securely in the The crank andV The drill-bit is rechuck. To prevent the locking device P from turning in the chuck, a locking-pin P:i is inserted in the said device before the latter is introduced into the transverse opening of the chuck. This pin P3 protrudes from the locking device into a slot N', formed in the hollow chuck member, the said slot being of a size to iit the protruding portion of the pin P3. The rear extremity K2 of the drillbit'is composed of hardened tool-steel and engages a block or plug K3 of the same material located in the rear extremity of the longitudinal chuck-opening. The two hardened parts being in engagement with each other prevent the upsetting of the rear extremity'of the drill-bit during the operation of the drill. VThe enlarged part O2 of the chuck is slotted, as shown at O3, to receive keys O4, dropped into openings N2, formed in the hollow chuck member. These keys cause the chuck proper, O, to rotate with the hollow chuck member N. Surrounding the reduced part O of the chuck is a coil-spring Q, located within the hollow of the member N. The rear extremity of this spring bears against a shoulder N3 on the part N, while its forward extremity engages the rear extremity of the enlarged part O2 of the chuck.

Forward of this part O2 of the chuck is lo-' cated a cushion ring or washer R. The chuck O is thus held within the hollow member N between the cushion R and the spring Q. The slots O3 of the chuck are somewhat longer than the keys O4, whereby the chuck is permitted a limited independent longitudinal movement in the hollow member N between the cushion R- and the spring O. This provision will prevent breakage of any of the parts of the machine in case the drill-bit is forced too tightly against the rock or in case an unusually hard substance comes in contact with the cutting extremity of the drill-bit. In either case the chuck proper is allowed to yield by virtue of the construction heretofore explained. The cushion washer or ring R is held in place by means of a collar S, screwed into the forward extremity of the hollow member N and having a shoulder S/, which abuts against the forward end of the member N. The collar S is split or composed of two twin members.- This is necessary in order to put the same in position. The two members of the part S are connected by an interiorly-threaded ring S2, which is vlarge enough to pass over the enlarged part tos I struing the claims hereinafter presentedthis crank-shaft andthe hammer: and between the crank-shaft and drill-bit for simultaneously imparting to the hammer andv bita-reciprocating movement'.

2. In a rock-drill or similar tool, the combination with an eccentric shaft, of ahammer, a'drill-bit distinct from the= hammer but arranged to be acted-on thereby, and suitable connections between the eccentric shaft and the hammer, and between the eccentric-shaft' and drill-bit for ysimultaneously imparting'to the hammer and bit a reciprocating` movement;

3. In a rock-drill, the combination of ahammer, acrank-shaft, a pitman connecting the crank-.of the shaft with the hammer, a reciprocating chuck carrying the drill bit ortool, a yoke connected with eccentrics on the'crankshaft at one extremity and with the chuck at the opposite extremity, whereby as the crankshaft is rotated, aIreciprocating movement is simultaneously imparted to the hammer-and chuck.

4. The combination `with a suitable casing, of a hollow chuck mounted to reciprocate therein, a drill-'bit'connected with the forward extremity of the chuck, a hammerfalso mounted to reciprocate in the casing,.an vauxiliaryhammer part mounted in the chuck and interposed between the hammer proper and the drill-'bit,-a spring located in the chuck and actingron theauxiliary-hammer part to normally hold the forward extremity of the latter in contact-with the rear extremity of the drill-bit, and suitable means forvimparting-to the hammer proper and the chuck and vits connections a reciprocating movement, thestrokes of the'twoinstrumentalities beingof different length.

5. The combination with-a suitable casing, of a hollow chuck mounted-to reciprocate and rotate therein,va drill-bitl suitably connected with the forward extremity offthe chuck, an auxiliary device located in the chuck, yielding means for holding'the forward lex'tremity -of the auxiliary device in contact with the rear extremity of the drill-bit, aV hammer mounted to reciprocate in the casing. and arranged'to act directly on the auxiliarydevice, andv suitable means for slmultaneously imparting to the hammer and the chuck-audits connections a reciprocating movement;

6. In a drill, the combination with asuitable casing, of a chuck mounted to lreciprocate and'rotate therein, a drill-bit'carried bythe chuck, a hammer also mounted to reciprocate in the casing, an auxiliary device Vinterposed between the hammer and drill-bit, means for simultaneously imparting to the hammer and the chuck and its'conne'ctions-a'reciprocating movement by strokes of different length, and suitable means for automatically imparting to the chuck and drill-bit the required rotary action.

y 7. In a rock-drill orsimilar'tool, the combination witha crankshaft,-of a hammer, a drill-bit distinct from the hammer but arranged to be acted on thereby, a-connection between the vcrank-shaft and the ham-meri; and an independent connection Ebetween the crankshaftfand drill-bit, for simultaneously imparting to the hammer and bitk a reciprocating movement;

8'. In-a rock-drill or similar tool, the combination with a crank-shaft,of aldrill-bit, a hammerindependent of the drill-bit, and suitable connections between the crank-shaft and the hammer and between the'c-rank-'s'haft and the drill-bit for simultaneously imparting to the hammerand bita reciprocating movement when the crank-shaft is rotated, the hammer and drill-bit moving in the same -or 'parallel lines.

9.l In a rock-drill or similar tool,the combination with a crank-shaft, of Vabit or cuttingtool mounted to have'a reciprocating. movement,.a-hammer independent of the drill-bit and mounted to reciprocate'and act-on the drillbit, and suitable connections between. the crank-shaft and the hammer and between the crank-shaft' and thedrill-bit forsimultaneouslyimparting to the hammerv and bit a reciprocating movement bystrokes of different length.

10. In a'rock-drill, the combination with a crank-shaft, a drill-bit mounted to reciprocate, a vhammer mounted to act'on the drill-bit but distinct and separate therefrom, the hammer andibit being mounted to reciprocate in the same or parallelV lines, and suitable connections between the hammer and crank-shaft and between the drill-bit and crank--shaftfor' simultaneouslyimparting to the hammer and bit a reciprocating movement by strokes of different length.

11. In a rock-drill or similar tool; the combination witha shaft having acrankl-and'eccentrics, of a hammer, a-drill-bit arranged to beacte'd on by the hammer, a connectionbetween the crank of the shaft and thehammer and between the eccentrics of the shaft and the drill-bit, for simultaneously imparting to IOO IlC

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13. In a drill, the combination with a driving-shaft, of a collar fast thereon, a gear loose thereon, a friction-disk interposed between the gear and collar and of softer material than either, a spring surrounding the shaft and acting on the gear, and means for regulating the tension of the spring, whereby the pressure of the gear upon the friction-disk may be regulated at will.

14. In a drill, the combination with a driving-shaft,.of a collar fast thereon, a gear loose on the shaft, a friction disk or washer interposed between the collar and the gear and of softer material than either, a washer engaging the outer face of the hub of the gear, a spring engaging the last-named washer, a nut screwed on the threaded extremity of the shaft to engagement with the spring whereby the latter may be given any desired tension.l and means for locking the nut against rotation on the shaft.

15. In a motor-operated drill, the combination with the operating-shaft of the motor, a gear fast thereon, the driving-shaft of the drill, a gear mounted thereon and meshing with the motor-gear, the shaft being provided with a friction-face and the gear having a face engaging the friction-face of the shaft, the

friction-face being of softer material than the parts engaged thereby and means applied to the shaft for forcing the gear against the friction-face of the shaft with any desired tension. 16. In a rock-drill or similar machine, the combination with a rotary shaft, of a hammer, a drill bit or tool independent of the hammer but arranged to be acted on thereby, and suitj able connections between the hammer and shaft and between the tool and shaft whereby the rotation of the shaft imparts a reciprocating movement t0 the hammer and drill-bit.

17. In a rock-drill or similar machine, the combination with a rotary shaft, of a hammer, a drill bit or tool independent of the hammer but arranged to be acted on thereby, and connections between the hammer and shaft and vbetween the tool and shaft whereby as the shaft is rotated a reciprocating movement is simultaneously imparted to the hammer and tool, both strokes of the reeiprocation being imparted by the rotation of the shaft.

In testimony whereofIafiX my signature in presence of two witnesses.

MANETHO C. JACKSON. I/Vitnesses:

DENA NELSON, A. J. OBRIEN. 

